The small town of Clover, Virginia sits near the states southern boarder. Not far away is a small family cemetery and it is there you will find a grave for Henrietta Lacks. Born Loretta Pleasant, She was a Black woman whose cancer cells were taken without her consent in 1951 while she was undergoing treatment for cervical cancer at Johns Hopkins Hospital. She died later that year, but her cells, which were uniquely “immortal” and able to reproduce indefinitely in a lab, lived on. They were named HeLa cells after the first two letters of her first and last names. The taking of her cells and their subsequent widespread commercial use without her or her family’s knowledge or compensation raised profound ethical questions about patient rights, informed consent, and racial disparities in medicine.
The HeLa cell line became an invaluable tool in biomedical research, leading to countless scientific breakthroughs. They were crucial in the development of the polio vaccine, and have been used in research for diseases like cancer, AIDS, Parkinson’s disease, and leukemia. HeLa cells have been used to study the effects of radiation and toxins, and even to test consumer products. While Lacks’ cells have contributed to saving millions of lives, her story also serves as a critical case study that helped change medical research policies and ethics, highlighting the importance of patient consent and transparency in science.
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